Health Library
Vitamin Deficiencies Common in Young Migraine Sufferers FRIDAY, June 10, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Many young people who suffer from migraines have vitamin deficiencies, new research finds. "Further studies are needed to elucidate whether vitamin supplementation is effective in migraine patients in general, and whether patients with mild deficiency are more likely to benefit from supplementation," said lead study author Dr. Suzanne Hagler in a Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center news release. S...
Von Willebrand Panel Does this test have other names? von Willebrand factor antigen test, von Willebrand factor activity test, ristocetin cofactor activity test, factor VIII coagulant activity test What is this test? This panel of tests is used to diagnose von Willebrand disease. This is a bleeding disorder that causes excessive bleeding from minor injuries or normal physical processes such as menstruation. It's the most common inherited bleeding disorder, but few people with the disease have symptoms. ...
VLDL Cholesterol Does this test have other names? Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol test What is this test? This test measures the amount of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in your blood. VLDL cholesterol is a type of blood fat. It's considered one of the "bad" forms of cholesterol, along with LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. This is because high levels cholesterol can clog your arteries and lead to a heart attack. Sixty percent of a VLDL particle is a triglyceride, This test is usually use...
Vitamin D Does this test have other names? 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-high-DROX-ee-VIE-tuh-min D), 25(OH)D What is this test? Vitamin D is mainly found in fortified dairy foods, juice, breakfast cereal, and certain fish. This vitamin plays many roles in the body. But because it helps the body absorb calcium from foods and supplements, it's particularly important for bone health. Vitamin D has many additional roles in the body. Vitamin D comes in several forms. When ultraviolet light, such as sunlight, hits...
Vitamin B-12 and Folate Does this test have other names? Cobalamin, Cbl, folic acid, FA What is this test? This test measures the levels of vitamin B-12 and folate in your blood. Your body needs vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, and folate, also called folic acid, to function normally. Both nutrients play important roles in creating red blood cells and making DNA and RNA to help build cells. B-12 also helps your nervous system function as it should. B-12 is found in fortified cereals and animal produ...
Viral Culture Does this test have other names? No. What is this test? This test checks to see whether an infection is caused by a bacterium or a virus. It can also tell which specific virus is causing your infection. Viral infections can cause illnesses anywhere in the body. This includes the skin, digestive tract, urinary tract, brain, lungs, and eyes. These illnesses can range from minor problems to serious diseases. Viral cultures are done in different ways, depending on your condition and the virus ...
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Does this test have other names? VEGF, vascular permeability factor, VPF What is this test? This test measures the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in your blood. VEGF is a substance that helps encourage the growth of new blood vessels. Your body makes more VEGF in certain cases. For example, if your tissues aren't getting enough oxygen, they may make more VEGF so that new blood vessels grow to bring in more oxygen. Your lungs contain VEGF because go...
VDRL (CSF) Does this test have other names? CSF VDRL, neurosyphilis test, neurosyphilis detection test What is this test? This test looks for signs of neurosyphilis in your cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Syphilis is a bacterial infection. It's a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can also be spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Neurosyphilis happens when syphilis isn't treated. It eventually affects the spinal cord, brain, and membranes surrounding the brain. Having HIV or AIDS increases the risk...
Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibody Does this test have other names? Serum varicella immunoglobulin G antibody level What is this test? This test looks for antibodies in your blood that your body makes against the varicella-zoster virus. The varicella-zoster virus is very contagious. It can cause two health problems: chickenpox and shingles. When you become infected with the virus for the first time, it causes chickenpox. After having chickenpox, most people become immune to the virus for the rest of their ...
Varicoceles Varicoceles are veins that have expanded, or dilated, because of swelling. The condition is much like varicose veins that occur in the legs of some adult women and men. Swelling occurs when veins inside the spermatic cord aren't working properly. The spermatic cord is a structure that contains vessels and other tissues joining each testicle to the body. Veins in the cord normally take blood back to the heart, and tiny valves inside the veins keep the blood flowing in the right direction. Val...
Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) What is VWD? Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot. What causes VWD? VWD is almost always inherited. This means it is passed from parents to children. People with the disorder may have low levels of a blood protein called von Willebrand factor. It helps the platelets in blood stick together to stop bleeding. Sometimes von Willebrand factor is present, but not working well. VWD may also cause problems with another clott...
Virtual Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening Virtual colonoscopy is a procedure that is done to look for small polyps or other growths inside your colon. Polyps that grow on the inside lining of the colon sometimes turn into colon cancers. The American Cancer Society recommends that most men and women begin screening for colon cancer at age 50. If you have a family history of colon cancer or are at high risk for other reasons, your healthcare provider may want you to begin screening even earlier....
Vertebroplasty What is vertebroplasty? Vertebroplasty is a procedure used to treat fractures or breaks in the vertebrae. The vertebrae are the bones in your back that are stacked on top of each other to make your spine. Your spine supports your weight, allows you to move, and protects your spinal cord and the nerves. AMuscsk_20140310_v0_005 In vertebroplasty, a special, thick cement mixture is injected into a fractured vertebra. When vertebroplasty is successful, the cement mixture stabilizes the verteb...
Vasectomy What is a vasectomy? Vasectomy is surgery a man may choose if he does not want to father any more children. It's permanent male birth control. During the surgery, two tubes called the vas deferens are cut and sealed. The vas deferens carry sperm from testicles to the urethra (the tube inside the penis). Once they are cut, sperm can't get into the semen or out of the body. The testes still make sperm, but the sperm die and are absorbed by the body. A man who's had a vasectomy still makes semen ...
Vascular Dementia What is vascular dementia? Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease. It's caused when decreased blood flow damages brain tissue. Blood flow to brain tissue may be reduced by a partial blockage or completely blocked by a blood clot. Symptoms of vascular dementia may develop gradually, or may become apparent after a stroke or after undergoing major surgery, such as heart bypass surgery or abdominal surgery. Dementia and other related diseases a...
Voice Disorders What are voice disorders? A voice disorder is when a person has a problem with pitch, volume, tone, and other qualities of this or her voice. These problems occur when the vocal cords don't vibrate normally. Your voice is the sound that air makes when it is forced out of your lungs and passes over your vocal cords. Vocal cords are the two folds of tissue inside your larynx, also called the voice box. The vibration of those cords is what produces speech. Examples of voice disorders includ...
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) What is ventricular tachycardia (VT)? Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a fast, abnormal heart rate. It begins in your heart’s lower chambers, called the ventricles. VT is defined as 3 or more heartbeats in a row, at a rate of more than 120 beats a minute. If VT lasts for more than a few seconds at a time, it can become life-threatening. The rapid heartbeat does not give your heart enough time to fill with blood before it contracts again. This can affect blood flow to the rest...
Ventricular Fibrillation What is ventricular fibrillation? Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is a dangerous type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. It affects your heart’s ventricles. Your heart is a muscle system that contains 4 chambers; the 2 bottom chambers are the ventricles. In a healthy heart, your blood pumps evenly in and out of these chambers. This keeps blood flowing throughout your body. An arrhythmia that starts in your ventricle is called ventricular fibrillation. This occurs when the e...
Vestibular Balance Disorder What is vestibular balance disorder? Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms of a vestibular balance disorder. Balance disorders can strike at any age, but are most common as people age. Your ear is a complex system of bone and cartilage. Within it is a network of canals. These are called semicircular canals. There are also fluid-filled pouches. These are called the otolithic organs. These structures contribute to your sense of balance. Part of this system includes the cochlea. Th...
Varicella-Zoster Virus Strain OKA/MERCK Live antigen Solution for injection What is this medicine? VARICELLA VIRUS VACCINE (var uh SEL uh VAHY ruhs vak SEEN) is used to prevent infections of chickenpox. HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS VACCINE (HUR peez ZOS ter vahy ruhs vak SEEN) is used to prevent shingles in adults 50 years old and over. This vaccine is not used to treat shingles or nerve pain from shingles. These medicines may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have qu...
Vitamin A, Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) Oral solution What is this medicine? COD LIVER OIL (kod LIV er oil) is a dietary supplement. It contains omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin D. Some products may have other nutrients. This product is not approved by the FDA for any medical uses. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the product label or talk to your health care provider. You ...
Vitamin A (Palmitate) Oral emulsion What is this medicine? VITAMIN A (VAHY tuh min A) is a vitamin found in nature. It is added to a healthy diet to prevent or treat low vitamin A levels. It is also used to treat some genetic skin problems. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. For best results take this vitamin with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often ...
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Oral tablet What is this medicine? PYRIDOXINE (peer i DOX een) is vitamin B6. It is added to a healthy diet to prevent or to treat low vitamin B6 levels. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. For best results take this vitamin with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of t...
Vorinostat Oral capsule What is this medicine? VORINOSTAT (vor IN oh stat) is a chemotherapy drug. It is used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take this medicine with food. Do not chew, crush, or open the capsules. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on your doctor's advice. Talk to...
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Oral tablet What is this medicine? A multivitamin containing folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. How should I use this medicine? Take by mouth with a glass of water. May take with food. Follow the directions on the prescription label. It is usually given once a day. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Contact your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed. What side effect...
Voriconazole Oral suspension What is this medicine? VORICONAZOLE (vohr ih KON uh zohl) is an antifungal. It stops the growth of some fungus and yeast. This medicine is used to treat many kinds of fungal infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Shake well before using. Use the oral dispenser that was supplied with this medicine to take your dose. Take this medicine on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or one hour af...
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Nasal spray, solution What is this medicine? CYANOCOBALAMIN (sye an oh koe BAL a min) is a man made form of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential in the development of healthy blood cells, nerve cells, and proteins in the body. It also helps with the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. This medicine is used to treat people who can not absorb enough vitamin B12. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for use in the nose only. Follow the directions on the prescript...
Vardenafil Hydrochloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? VARDENAFIL (var den a fil) is used to treat erection problems in men. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You may take this medicine with or without meals. The dose is usually taken 1 hour before sexual activity. You should not take this dose more than once per day. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your pediatrician regardi...
Vinorelbine Tartrate Solution for injection What is this medicine? VINORELBINE (vi NOR el been) is a chemotherapy drug. It targets fast dividing cells, like cancer cells, and causes these cells to die. This medicine is used to treat cancer, like lung cancer. How should I use this medicine? This drug is given as an infusion into a vein. It is administered in a hospital or clinic by a specially trained health care professional. If you have pain, swelling, burning or any unusual feeling around the site of ...
Vancomycin Hydrochloride Oral solution What is this medicine? VANCOMYCIN (van koe MYE sin) is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections in the bowel. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Shake well before using. Use a specially marked spoon or dropper to measure each dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoo...
Vancomycin Hydrochloride Oral capsule What is this medicine? VANCOMYCIN (van koe MYE sin) is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections in the bowel. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Take all of your medicine as di...
Valganciclovir Hydrochloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? VALGANCICLOVIR (val gan SYE kloh veer) is an antiviral medicine. It is used to treat or prevent infections caused by certain kinds of viruses. It is commonly used to treat and prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections of the eye and body. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take with food. Do not chew or crush. Do not touch broken tablets wit...
Voriconazole Solution for injection What is this medicine? VORICONAZOLE (vohr ih KON uh zohl) is an antifungal medicine. It is used to treat certain kinds of fungal or yeast infections. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for infusion into a vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this medicine. Use exactly as directed. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not...
Voriconazole Oral tablet What is this medicine? VORICONAZOLE (vohr ih KON uh zohl) is an antifungal. It stops the growth of some fungus and yeast. This medicine is used to treat many kinds of fungal infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take this medicine on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or one hour after a meal. Do not take with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not tak...
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Oral capsule, extended-release What is this medicine? VENLAFAXINE(VEN la fax een) is used to treat depression, anxiety and panic disorder. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Do not cut, crush, or chew this medicine. Take it with food. If needed, the capsule may be carefully opened and the entire contents sprinkled on a spoonful of cool applesauce. Swallow the applesauce/pellet ...
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? VENLAFAXINE (VEN la fax een) is used to treat depression, anxiety and panic disorder. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take it with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking this medicine suddenly except upon the advice of your doctor. Stopping this medicine too quickly m...
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine Hydrochloride) Solution for injection What is this medicine? THIAMINE (THAHY uh min) is vitamin B1. It is added to a healthy diet to prevent or to treat low vitamin B1 levels. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle or vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this medicine. Use exactly as directed. Take your medicine at reg...
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Oral tablet, extended-release What is this medicine? PYRIDOXINE (peer i DOX een) is vitamin B6. It is added to a healthy diet to prevent or to treat low vitamin B6 levels. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. Do not chew, cut, or crush this medicine. For best results take this vitamin with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often tha...
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Solution for injection What is this medicine? PYRIDOXINE (peer i DOX een) is vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 is used in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the body. This medicine is used to treat people who do not have enough vitamin B6. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a vein or muscle. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare...
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Oral solution What is this medicine? ASCORBIC ACID (a SKOR bik AS id) is a naturally occurring form of vitamin C. It is used to treat or prevent low levels of vitamin C and to treat scurvy. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. Shake well before using. Use a specially marked spoon or container to measure each dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoons are not accurate. Thi...
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Oral tablet What is this medicine? ASCORBIC ACID (a SKOR bik AS id) is a naturally occurring form of vitamin C. It is used to treat or prevent low levels of vitamin C and to treat scurvy. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. You may take this medicine with or without food. If it upsets your stomach take it with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your...
Vitamin K (Phytonadione) Solution for injection What is this medicine? PHYTONADIONE (fye toe na DYE one) is a man-made form of vitamin K. This medicine is used to treat vitamin K deficiency or bleeding problems caused by various disorders. This medicine is also given to newborn babies to prevent bleeding. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection under the skin, into a muscle, or rarely, into a vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. ...
Vitamin K (Phytonadione) Oral tablet What is this medicine? PHYTONADIONE (fye toe na DYE one) is a man-made form of vitamin K. This medicine is used to treat vitamin K deficiency or bleeding problems caused by various disorders. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medic...
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Nasal gel What is this medicine? CYANOCOBALAMIN (sye an oh koe BAL a min) is a man made form of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is used in the growth of healthy blood cells, nerve cells, and proteins in the body. It also helps with the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. This medicine is used to treat people who can not absorb enough vitamin B12. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for use in the nose only. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You may not...
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Solution for injection What is this medicine? CYANOCOBALAMIN (sye an oh koe BAL a min) is a man made form of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is used in the growth of healthy blood cells, nerve cells, and proteins in the body. It also helps with the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. This medicine is used to treat people who can not absorb vitamin B12. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is injected into a muscle or deeply under the skin. It is usually given by a health...
Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol) Oral drops, solution What is this medicine? ERGOCALCIFEROL (er goe kal SIF e role) is a man-made vitamin D. It helps the body maintain the right amount of calcium and phosphorus. This medicine is used to prevent and to treat low vitamin D, to promote strong bones and teeth, and in the treatment of some diseases. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Use a specially marked spoon or container to measure each...
Venogram What is a venogram? A venogram is a test that lets your doctor see the veins in your body, especially in your legs. A special dye is injected that can been seen on an X-ray. The dye lets your doctor see howyou’re your veins are and how healthy they are. A venogram is one of the better tests use to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This test can also help your doctor diagnose other health problems. A venogram can be done in several ways: Ascending venography. This looks for a DVT and finds ou...
Vascular Studies (Carotid, Arm, and Leg Arterial and Venous Studies, Carotid Ultrasound, Venous Doppler Studies, Arterial Doppler Studies, Pulse Volume Recordings, PVRS) Procedure overview What are vascular studies? Vascular studies are a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) procedure used to assess the blood flow in arteries and veins. A transducer (like a microphone) sends out ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency too high to be heard. When the transducer is placed on the skin at certain locations an...
Valvuloplasty What is valvuloplasty? Valvuloplasty may be done to open a stenotic (stiff) heart valve. In valvuloplasty, a very small, narrow, hollow tube (known as a catheter) is advanced from a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta into the heart. Once the catheter is placed in the valve to be opened, a large balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated until the leaflets (flaps) of the valve are opened. Once the valve has been opened, the balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed. To ke...
Vision Overview When an infant is born, his or her eyesight is immature. While the infant can see the form of his or her mother and can tell the difference between light and dark, the ability to focus has not been developed. Monitoring your child's ability to see is an important part of the health of your growing child. Facts about vision problems Facts about vision problems include the following: More than 1 in 20 preschoolers have vision problems of a type that can lead to vision loss if not treated. ...
Visual Screening Overview Newborn babies arrive equipped with wonderful abilities to see and hear. Although their vision is not as sharp as that of an adult, newborn babies show responses to adult faces in the earliest days of life. Babies also have remarkable responses to sounds. They startle with loud noises and become quiet to the mother's voice. Sometimes, babies have problems with vision. These problems may be due to a birth defect. Or, they may be caused by the effects of prematurity, neurological...
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) What is vesicoureteral reflux? Vesicoureteral reflux happens when urine dwelling in the bladder flows back into the ureters and often back into the kidneys. The bladder is the hollow, muscular organ that stores urine before urination happens. The bladder has 3 small openings; 2 connect the ureters where urine is drained down from the kidneys, and 1 connects the bladder to the urethra where urine exits the body. The ureters are funnel-shaped tubes that carry urine from the kid...
Very Low Birth Weight What is very low birth weight? Very low birth weight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 3 pounds, 4 ounces. It is very rare that babies are born this tiny. But the overall rate of very-low-birth-weight babies in the U.S. is going up. This is because more multiple birth babies are being born. Multiples are more likely to be born early and weigh less. What causes very low birth weight? The main cause of a very-low-birth-weight baby is premature birth. P...
Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in the Newborn What is vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn? Vitamin K deficiency bleeding is a problem that occurs in some newborns. It happens during the first few days of life. This condition used to be called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. What causes vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the newborn? Babies are normally born with low levels of vitamin K. Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot. Not having enough vitamin K is the main cause of vitamin deficiency b...
Vision Many eye problems that affect infants, children, and adolescents require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below you will find some, for which we have provided a brief overview. Vision Overview Age-Appropriate Vision Milestones Eye Examinations and Visual Screening Types of Visual Screening Tests for Infants and Children Problems With Vision
Varicella (Chickenpox) What is varicella? Varicella (chickenpox) is a very common childhood disease. It's usually mild, but can be serious, especially in young infants and adults. Varicella is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a form of the herpes virus. Varicella is a highly contagious virus that is spread from person-to-person through the air or by contacting the fluid from the blisters caused by the virus. Chickenpox causes a blistering itching rash (pox), fever, and fatigue. It can lead to...
Varicella and Pregnancy What is varicella? Varicella (or chickenpox) is a highly infectious disease, usually associated with childhood. By adulthood, the vast majority of Americans have had chickenpox or have previously been vaccinated in childhood. Although more than 90 percent of pregnant women are immune to chickenpox, about 1 in 2,000 pregnant women in the United States will develop chickenpox during pregnancy, however, because they are not immune. Pregnant women who get chickenpox are at risk for s...
Visual Screening and Eye Examinations Listed in the directory below you will find some additional information regarding your child's vision, for which we have provided a brief overview. Visual Screening Overview Age-Appropriate Vision Milestones Eye Examinations and Visual Screening Signs and Symptoms of Potential Eye Problems Types of Visual Screening Tests for Infants and Children
Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas What are hemangiomas and vascular malformations? Hemangiomas Hemangiomas are growths of blood vessels. They’re also called birthmarks. But they often can't be seen at birth. They usually form in the first few weeks of life. These growths often start as faint red marks. They are the most common type of noncancerous (benign) skin growths. Females are 3 times more likely to get them than males. About 6 in 10 hemangiomas are in the head or neck area. Most will keep gro...
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) What is a ventricular septal defect? A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a heart defect. It’s congenital. This means that your baby is born with it. A VSD is an opening or hole in the dividing wall (septum) between the two lower chambers of the heart (right and left ventricles). VSDs are the most common type of congenital heart defect. A VSD allows oxygen-rich (red) blood to pass from the left ventricle through the opening in the septum. Then it mixes with oxygen-poor (b...
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