Health Library
Kids' Concussion Rates May Be Higher Than Thought TUESDAY, May 31, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Because most young children who suffer a concussion aren't first seen in hospital emergency rooms, official tallies of these injuries may be greatly underreported, a new study finds. "Four in five of this diverse group of children were diagnosed at a primary care practice -- not the emergency department," said study author Kristy Arbogast. Also, "one-third were under age 12," she said, "and therefore represent an...
Knee Replacement Patients May Be Able to Hit the Shower Sooner THURSDAY, May 26, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Knee surgery patients are usually instructed to wait two weeks after surgery to take a shower to reduce the risk of infection. But a small new study suggests this may not be necessary. Researchers found no differences in bacterial swabs from those who waited two weeks to shower compared with those allowed to shower after about two days. That's no doubt welcome news to the many patients who've strugg...
Kids' Grades May Suffer When Families Move WEDNESDAY, May 25, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Moving to a new home may harm young children's school performance, a study suggests. Youngsters who get uprooted are also more likely to have developmental problems, the researchers found. However, the study could not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. The research included information on more than 19,000 children across the United States. The kids were followed from kindergarten through eighth grade. A child's ag...
Kidney Stone (Urine) Does this test have other names? Urine stone risk profile, 24-hour collection What is this test? This test checks your urine for chemicals that might cause your body to form kidney stones. The test also looks for blood in your urine, which can be a symptom of kidney stones. Kidney stones are hard masses of minerals and salts that can form in your kidneys. They can be as small as a grain of sand or more than an inch in diameter. Usually theses stones or crystals pass through your bod...
Ketone Bodies (Urine) Does this test have other names? Ketone test, urine ketones What is this test? This test is used to check the level of ketones in your urine. Normally, your body burns sugar for energy. But if you have diabetes, you may not have enough insulin for the sugar in your bloodstream to be used for fuel. When this happens, your body burns fat instead and produces substances called ketones. The ketones end up in your blood and urine. It's normal to have a small amount of ketones in your bo...
Ketone Bodies (Blood) Does this test have other names? Ketones, serum; ketones, blood What is this test? This blood test measures ketones, a byproduct of digestion, in your blood. When you have a high level of ketones in your blood, it's called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a complication of diabetes that can be fatal if it's not treated. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin, a hormone that regulates the metabolism of fat and carbohydrates. Or it can't properly use insulin...
Kyphoplasty What is kyphoplasty? Kyphoplasty is a procedure used to treat fractures or breaks in the vertebrae. The vertebrae are the bones in your back that are stacked on top of each other to make your spine. Your spine supports your weight, allows you to move, and protects your spinal cord and the nerves. AMuscsk_20140310_v0_005 Kyphoplasty is often discussed along with another procedure called vertebroplasty. First the doctor inflates small balloon-like devices into the broken bone to make space. Th...
Kanamycin Sulfate Solution for injection What is this medicine? KANAMYCIN (kan a MYE sin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle or infusion into a vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare and give this...
Ketorolac Tromethamine Solution for injection What is this medicine? KETOROLAC (kee toe ROLE ak) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to treat moderate to severe pain for up to 5 days. It is commonly used after surgery. This medicine should not be used for more than 5 days. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle or into a vein. It is given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the ...
Ketorolac Tromethamine Oral tablet What is this medicine? KETOROLAC (kee toe ROLE ak) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used for a short while to treat moderate to severe pain, including pain after surgery. It should not be used for more than 5 days. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do n...
Ketoconazole Oral tablet What is this medicine? KETOCONAZOLE (kee toe KON na zole) is an antifungal medicine. It is used to treat certain kinds of fungal infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. This medicine works best if you take it with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on your doctor's advice. A special ...
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray What is a kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray? This type of X-ray may be done to check the stomach for causes of pain. It may also be done to check the organs and structures of the urinary or gastrointestinal (GI) system. The X-ray may be the first diagnostic procedure used to check the urinary system. X-rays use beams of energy that pass through body tissues onto a special film and make a picture. They show pictures of your internal tissues, bones, and organs. Why might ...
Kidney Ultrasound What is a kidney ultrasound? A kidney ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to look at your kidneys. It can check the size, shape, and location of your kidneys. It also lets your healthcare provider see how well blood is flowing in your kidneys. The healthcare provider uses a device called a transducer to make the images of your kidneys. The transducer sends out sound waves that bounce off your kidneys. The sound waves are too high-pitched for you to hear. The transducer ...
Kidney Transplant What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is a surgery done to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor. The kidney may come from a deceased organ donor or from a living donor. Family members or others who are a good match may be able to donate one of their kidneys. This type of transplant is called a living transplant. People who donate a kidney can live healthy lives with one healthy kidney. A person getting a transplant most often gets just 1 kidney. In ra...
Kidney Scan What is a kidney scan? A kidney scan is an imaging test that looks at your kidneys. Your healthcare provider can also see how well blood is flowing in your kidneys. A kidney scan is a type of nuclear imaging test. This means that a tiny amount of a radioactive matter is used during the scan. The radioactive matter (radioactive tracer) is absorbed by normal kidney tissue. The radioactive tracer sends out gamma rays. These are picked up by the scanner to make a picture of your kidneys. The are...
Kidney Biopsy What is a kidney biopsy? A biopsy is done to remove tissue or cells from the body to exam under a microscope. The tissue sample is removed with a needle to check for cancer or other abnormal cells. It also helps check how well the kidney is working. There are 2 types of kidney biopsies: Needle biopsy . After an anesthetic is given, the healthcare provider inserts the biopsy needle into the kidney to get a sample. Ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT scan) may be used to guide the need...
Knee Ligament Repair What is knee ligament repair? Ligaments are bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that surround a joint to give support and limit the joint's movement. AMuscsk_20140311_v1_001 When ligaments are damaged, the knee joint may become unstable. Ligament damage often occurs from a sports injury. A torn ligament severely limits knee movement, resulting in the inability to pivot, turn, or twist the leg. Surgery is an option to repair a torn ligament if other medical treatment is not eff...
Knee Replacement Surgery What is knee replacement surgery? When your knee is badly damaged by disease or injury, an artificial knee replacement may be considered. During knee replacement surgery, your joint surfaces are replaced by prostheses – plastic and metal parts are used to replace your joint surfaces. Why might I need knee replacement surgery? Osteoarthritis is the most common problem that leads to knee replacement surgery. This is a “wear and tear” joint disease that affects mostly middle-aged a...
Kidney Transplantation in Children What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure performed to implant a healthy kidney from another person. The kidney may come from a deceased organ donor or from a living donor. Family members or individuals who are unrelated but make a good match may be able to donate one of their kidneys. This type of transplant is called a living transplant. Individuals who donate a kidney can live healthy lives with the remaining kidney. A person receiving...
Knowing When to Seek Treatment for Your Child When to seek treatment for your child or adolescent Knowing when to seek treatment for mental health disorders is important for parents and families. Many times, parents are the first to suspect that their child or teen is challenged by feelings, behaviors, and/or environmental conditions that cause him or her to act disruptive, rebellious, or sad. This may include problems with relationships with friends and/or family members, school, sleeping, eating, subs...
Keratitis in Children What is keratitis? Keratitis is an inflammation or infection of the cornea of the eye. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. What causes keratitis? Keratitis can happen for many reasons. The following are some common causes of the condition: Bacteria Not having enough Vitamin A Viruses Trauma. This is often because of an object being inserted into your child’s eye. Fungi Parasites Who is at risk for keratitis? Children are more likely to get...
Kawasaki Disease What is Kawasaki disease? Kawasaki disease is a rare illness that most commonly affects children ages 0 to 5, but can sometimes affect children up to the age of 13. It is a type of vasculitis. Vasculitis means inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect the whole body, including the blood vessels of the heart (coronary arteries). The cause of Kawasaki disease is unknown. Without treatment, affected children are at higher risk of developing problems with the coronary arteries. Other...
Kidney Disorders Many disorders of the kidney require clinical care by a physician or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some of the conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview. Overview of Kidney Disorders Analgesic Nephropathy End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Glomerulonephritis Glomerulosclerosis Goodpasture Syndrome Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Syndrome Kidney Cancer Kidney Stones Kidney Transplantation Nephrotic Syndrome Polycystic Kidney ...
Kyphosis What is kyphosis? A normal spine, when viewed from behind appears straight. However, a spine affected by kyphosis has a forward curvature of the back bones (vertebrae) in the upper back area, giving an abnormally rounded or "humpback" appearance. Kyphosis is defined as a curvature of the spine measuring 50 degrees or greater on an X-ray. The normal spine can bend from 20 to 45 degrees of curvature in the upper back area. Kyphosis is a type of spinal deformity. What causes kyphosis? Kyphosis can...
Kidney Stones What is a kidney stone? A kidney stone is a hard, pebble-like deposit that forms in the kidney. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Some are as big as golf balls. A stone may be smooth, irregular in shape, or jagged. Most are yellow or brown in color. There are different types of kidney stones: Calcium stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of stones. Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet and is used by bones and muscles. Calcium not used by the body...
What Do You Know About Healthy Snacks for Kids? Should kids really be snacking? Doesn’t it ruin their appetite? But if they do snack, what should you offer them? Find out how much you know about snacking when it comes to your child. 1. Snacks are a treat. Most days a child should only eat at regular mealtimes. You didn't answer this question. You answered The correct answer is Children who are active and growing often need extra calories between meals. Toddlers often don’t eat much in one sitting. Snack...
Keep Busy! Stay Sharp! TUESDAY, May 17, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Although people complain when their schedule gets too busy, new research suggests that being overbooked might actually be good for the brain. The study of older adults found that those with packed schedules tended to do better on tests of memory, information processing and reasoning. Researchers said the findings don't prove that "busyness" makes us smarter. For one, sharper people may seek out more mental stimulation. These people may als...
Kids With Autism Do Well Learning New Words: Study TUESDAY, May 10, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Children with autism learn new words the same way as other children do, but it takes them longer, a small study found. The researchers compared 15 children with autism, aged 18 months to 7 years, and a control group of 15 children without the developmental disorder. A series of tests showed that both groups of children relied heavily on the same technique to learn new words -- they followed a teacher's gaze as t...
Kids With Two Dads as Well-Adjusted as Other Kids, Study Finds SATURDAY, April 30, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Children of gay fathers are as well-adjusted as kids of heterosexual parents, a new survey finds. Roughly 31,000 male couples are raising children in the United States, and little is known about the well-being of those kids, the researchers said. "Because stigma continues to interfere with the efforts of gay men to become parents and with the lives of gay men and their children, our research under...
Kids From Poorer Families May Have Worse Food Allergy Care WEDNESDAY, April 27, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- A family's income may play a big role in the type of care a child with food allergies receives, a new study suggests. The researchers found that poorer families -- those making under $50,000 a year -- spent less on non-allergenic foods, medical specialists and important medications, such as lifesaving epinephrine injectors. As a result, "poor people may therefore be experiencing more food allergy rea...
Kids of Older Moms May Have a Leg Up on Their Peers FRIDAY, April 29, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Although older women may face more potential pregnancy complications, their children seem to fare better in some ways over the long run, a new study suggests. Using data on over 1.5 million Swedish adults, researchers found that people born to mothers who were in their late-30s or 40s tended to be taller, fitter and more educated than those born to younger moms. But, that doesn't guarantee that being born to a...
Kids' Fruit Drinks, Juices Contain Day's Worth of Sugar THURSDAY, March 24, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Many commercially sold fruit drinks and juices give kids a full day's worth of sugar in a single serving, a new British study shows. One U.S. expert said she wasn't surprised by the finding. "I believe the results would be very similar if this study was conducted with fruit drink products available in the United States," said Pamela Koch, executive director of the nutrition program at Teachers College, C...
Kids Who Aren't Ready for Kindergarten May Suffer Long-Term Consequences WEDNESDAY, March 16, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Children entering kindergarten need to be socially and behaviorally ready for school or they may struggle in later grades, a new study suggests. "In 2015, kindergarten teachers rated more than half of students behind in social and behavioral skills needed for learning, and it's painful for the children who want to succeed, but become frustrated and hopeless," study author Deborah Gross,...
Kidney Dialysis Might Not Extend Survival of Elderly THURSDAY, March 17, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Dialysis does not significantly improve survival for elderly kidney failure patients, a new study indicates. The findings suggest that conservative care may be a reasonable option for some kidney failure patients over 80. The researchers don't say that dialysis treatment should not be given to anybody older than 80 or with severe co-occurring conditions. "But we show that the treatment is on average of litt...
Kids With Autism More Likely to Wander, Less Likely to Recognize Danger FRIDAY, Feb. 19, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Children with autism and other development disorders are more likely than other youngsters to wander and put themselves in potential danger, a new study finds. Researchers analyzed data from a 2011 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey of parents and guardians of more than 4,000 children with special needs who were between the ages of 6 and 17. More than 26 percent of the ch...
Kids With Vision-Damaging Cancers May Face Ills Later MONDAY, Jan. 11, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Some survivors of childhood cancers that affect vision may face increased risk for long-term health and economic problems, two new studies suggest. The studies, published online Jan. 11 in the journal Cancer , provide new insight that could help improve patient care and follow-up, the researchers say. One study included 470 adult survivors of retinoblastoma who were followed for an average of 42 years. Retino...
Kids Born Through IVF Show No Higher Risk for Developmental Delays: Study MONDAY, Jan. 4, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Preschoolers who were conceived through fertility treatments don't seem to have any special risk of developmental delays, a new study suggests. The researchers said the findings, published online Jan. 4 in the journal JAMA Pediatrics , should be reassuring to the growing number of U.S. couples seeking help with infertility. There have long been lingering concerns about the development of ch...
Keytruda May Help Fight Tough-to-Treat Lung Cancer SATURDAY, Dec. 19, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- The immune therapy drug Keytruda (pembrolizumab) may extend the lives of people with advanced lung cancer, a new study finds. Keytruda is commonly used to treat other tumor types, and made headlines recently after it helped former President Jimmy Carter fight off brain cancer. In this study, researchers compared Keytruda to the chemotherapy drug docetaxel in more than 1,000 patients with non-small cell lung ca...
Kids Find Help for Anorexia More Often Than 'Pro-Ana' Posts on YouTube WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- For years, people surfing YouTube may have accidently or intentionally encountered so-called "pro-ana" videos extolling the virtues of a deadly disease: anorexia. But a new Norwegian study finds that people opposed to these pro-anorexia videos have mounted a response. Now, the vast majority of anorexia-themed videos posted to YouTube actually encourage recovery and warn viewers about the d...
Kids Who Take ADHD Meds More Likely to Be Bullied, Study Finds FRIDAY, Nov. 20, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Teenagers who take drugs like Adderall and Ritalin to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are twice as likely to be bullied as their peers who don't have ADHD, a new study suggests. The risk of being bullied is even greater if the teens sell, trade or give away their medicines, researchers found. However, the research also raises questions about why these kids are targets of frequen...
Knee Arthritis: Steroid Shots May Not Help Long-Term, Ozone Injections Promising TUESDAY, Nov. 10, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Millions of aging Americans are plagued by arthritic knees, and two new studies offer insight into what might -- or might not -- help curb the condition. Both studies were presented this week at the American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting in San Francisco. One study found that a popular therapy, steroid drug injections, do nothing to slow progression of osteoarthritis in ...
Kidney Transplant 'Tourism' Comes With Risks: Study FRIDAY, Nov. 6, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- When people languish on a wait-list for a kidney transplant, they may start to consider a desperate measure: Traveling to a country where they can buy a donor kidney on the black market. But beyond the legal and ethical pitfalls, experts say, the health risks are not worth it. Most countries ban the practice, sometimes called "transplant tourism," and it has been widely condemned on ethical grounds. Now a new st...
Kidney Disease Rates Have Stabilized in U.S., Study Finds SATURDAY, Nov. 7, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- The rate of chronic kidney disease among Americans has leveled off over the last decade after climbing for many years, a new study found. Researchers compared nationwide data for 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. Their study showed that the number of people with chronic kidney disease had stabilized or even decreased over the period. The plateau mirrors that found in U.S. cases of permanent kidney failure, also k...
Kids More Likely to Be Overweight If Mom Gains Too Much in Pregnancy or After MONDAY, Oct. 19, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Women who gain too much weight during and after pregnancy could increase the risk that their child will be overweight or obese in adolescence, a new study from the Netherlands suggests. The study researchers explained that a mother's excessive weight gain during pregnancy may be tied to changes in her chemistry that make the child more likely to be overweight or obese. The mother's wei...
Kids With Mental Ills Often Treated Solely by Primary Care Doctors MONDAY, Oct. 12, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Family doctors and pediatricians are often the sole source of a child's mental health care, particularly for kids suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More than one-third of U.S. kids receiving care for a mental health problem are treated by their primary care physician alone, without the involvement of a psychiatrist, psychologist or social worker, according to a new s...
Keytruda Approved for Leading Form of Lung Cancer FRIDAY, Oct. 2, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced cases of the most common type of lung malignancy, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The drug is approved for people whose tumors produce a protein called PD-L1, and whose cancer has lingered despite use of other treatments, the agency said Friday in a news release. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer ...
Kids May Be More Likely to Get Asthma if Grandma Smoked While Pregnant: Study TUESDAY, Sept. 29, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Children whose grandmothers smoked during pregnancy are at increased risk for asthma, even if their own mothers did not smoke, a new study suggests. It's known that smoking can cause changes in gene activity. The new study findings suggest that those changes can be passed down through more than one generation, the researchers said. The study included more than 66,000 grandchildren an...
Keep Kids Safe During Yard Work Power tools make yard work easier, from mowing the lawn to trimming the bushes. These tools, however, also pose a threat to children if precautions aren't taken. Accidents involving lawnmowers send thousands of children age 18 or younger to emergency rooms each year. And several thousand more are hurt by other outdoor power tools. Lawnmower injuries include cuts, burns, and other injuries to arms and legs, loss of fingers and limbs, inhalational injuries from toxic fumes,...
Kids' Lunch Boxes Often Fall Short on Nutrition THURDAY, July 31, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- A home-packed lunch isn't necessarily healthier than school cafeteria fare, a new study suggests. The new research found that just 27 percent of the lunches third and fourth graders brought from home met three of five National School Lunch Program (NSLP) standards. "Our findings are similar to results of other studies of children's packed lunches from across the world, which have found that high-calorie packaged f...
Kids Will Pass on 'Healthy' Foods TUESDAY, July 29, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Want young children to embrace a more healthful diet? Don't tell them something that's healthy is good for them. Doing so will actually make them think it won't taste good, a new study suggests. "Parents and caregivers who are struggling to get children to eat healthier may be better off simply serving the food without saying anything about it, or (if credible) emphasizing how yummy the food actually is," said study authors Mic...
Keep Your Teens Safe on the Road This Summer TUESDAY, July 22, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Car crashes are the leading cause of accidental death among American teens, and parents need to take steps to keep their teens safe when they're on the road this summer, an expert says. The period between Memorial Day and Labor Day is the deadliest time of the year for teen drivers and passengers, according to the AAA auto club. "Even more than drinking and driving -- which, thanks to strong messaging, is at an all-t...
Kids From Dairy Farms Have Lower Allergy Risk, Study Finds TUESDAY, July 15, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Children raised on dairy farms are much less likely to develop allergies than other youngsters, a new study finds. Researchers tracked children who lived in rural areas of Sweden, half of them on dairy farms, from birth until 3 years of age. Children on dairy farms had one-tenth the risk of developing allergies as other rural youngsters. "Our study also demonstrated for the first time that delayed matur...
Kids Still Getting Too Much 'Screen Time': CDC WEDNESDAY, July 9, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. teenagers are still spending hours in front of the TV and computer every day -- despite years of expert advice that kids' "screen time" should be limited, a new government study finds. In two national surveys of children aged 12 to 15 years, researchers at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that nearly three-quarters spent at least two hours a day watching TV and using a computer. The s...
Kids With ADHD More Likely to Abuse Drugs: Analysis MONDAY, June 30, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Children suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more than twice as likely to try and abuse drugs, a new analysis finds. However, that does not mean that the medications that are prescribed to treat the most common childhood disorder in the United States play a part in that increased risk. In fact, "one of the main points [of the finding] is that treating ADHD both with behavioral tec...
Kids on Tight Schedules May Lose Out, Study Says MONDAY, July 7, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Which approach to parenting is best: tiger mom or free range? A new study suggests that kids may need a little more latitude with their free time instead of having their days packed with lessons, sports and structured activities. "The more time kids had in less structured activities, the more self-directed they were and, also, the reverse was true: The more time they spent in structured activities, the less able th...
Kyphosis in Children What is kyphosis? A normal spine, when viewed from behind appears straight. However, a spine affected by kyphosis shows evidence of a forward curvature of the back bones (vertebrae) in the upper back area, giving the child an abnormally rounded or "humpback" appearance. Click Image to Enlarge Kyphosis is defined as a curvature of the spine measuring 50° or greater on an X-ray (a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, ...
Keratosis Pilaris What is keratosis pilaris? Keratosis pilaris is a common skin disorder characterized by small, pointed pimples. The pimples usually appear on the upper arms, thighs, and buttocks. The condition worsens in the winter and usually clears up in the summer. Keratosis pilaris has no known cause, but tends to run in families. This disorder does not get worse over time. It is harmless, and often disappears as the person ages. Treatment for keratosis pilaris Usually no treatment is necessary fo...
Kras gene A gene that may cause cancer when it is mutated (changed). The Kras gene makes the KRAS protein, which is involved in cell signaling pathways, cell growth, and apoptosis (cell death). Agents that block the activity of the mutated Kras gene or its protein may stop the growth of cancer. Also called K-ras gene.
K-ras gene A gene that may cause cancer when it is mutated (changed). The K-ras gene makes the KRAS protein, which is involved in cell signaling pathways, cell growth, and apoptosis (cell death). Agents that block the activity of the mutated K-ras gene or its protein may stop the growth of cancer. Also called Kras gene.
Kostmann neutropenia An inherited disorder in which there is a lower-than-normal number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in fighting infections). Infants with the disorder get infections caused by bacteria, and are at an increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (a bone marrow disorder). Also called congenital neutropenia, genetic infantile agranulocytosis, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Kostmann disease, and Kostmann syndrome.
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