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Japanese Encephalitis Virus antigen, Inactivated (Murine) Solution for injection What is this medicine? JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS VACCINE (jap uh NEEZ en sef uh LAHY tis VAHY ruhs vak SEEN) is a vaccine. It is used to help prevent Japanese encephalitis infections. You cannot get the disease from the vaccine. How should I use this medicine? This vaccine is for injection under the skin. It is given by a health care professional. Usually, three doses are given. You will be observed for at least 30 minute...
Joint Aspiration What is joint aspiration? Joint aspiration is a procedure to remove fluid from the space around a joint using a needle and syringe. This is usually done under a local anesthetic either to relieve swelling or to obtain fluid for analysis to diagnose a joint disorder and/or problem. Joint aspiration is most often done on the knee. However, fluid can also be removed from other joints, such as the hip, ankle, shoulder, elbow, or wrist. AMuscsk_20140325_v0_001 Other related procedures that m...
Juvenile Osteoporosis What is juvenile osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones are thinner than normal. It’s a condition that gets worse over time. This means that bones get thinner over time, or don’t grow as they should. The bones are then weaker and at higher risk of breaking. The condition is much more common in older adults. But it can also occur during childhood. In children, it’s called juvenile osteoporosis. What causes juvenile osteoporosis? It’s most often caused by another h...
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis What is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a form of arthritis in children ages 16 or younger. It causes inflammation and stiffness of joints. Unlike adult rheumatoid arthritis, which is chronic and lasts a lifetime, children often outgrow JRA. But the disease can affect bone development in a growing child. The disease has 3 types: Pauciarticular (Oligoarthritis). This type affects 4 or fewer joints. Large joints, such as the knees, ankles...
Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis (JAS) in Children What is juvenile ankylosing spondylitis? Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis. It affects the spine and the places where the muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached to bone. Ankylosing means stiff or rigid. Spondyl means spine. Itis refers to inflammation. JAS affects boys and men more than girls and women. It usually occurs between the ages of 17 and 35. JAS is a long-term (chronic) condition. Some people will have periods of time...
Juvenile Dermatomyositis What is juvenile dermatomyositis? Dermatomyositis is a rare disease that causes muscle inflammation and skin rash. It’s one of a group of muscle diseases that cause muscle inflammation and swelling. It's different from other muscle diseases because it also causes skin problems. Dermatomyositis is the term used to describe both muscle and skin symptoms. Juvenile dermatomyositis is the condition most often seen in children. What causes juvenile dermatomyositis? The exact cause is ...
Joe Montana Scoring Points Against Heart Disease TUESDAY, May 17, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- After retiring from a long and illustrious pro football career that included four Super Bowl championships, quarterback Joe Montana abandoned his decades-long habit of daily exercise. And it was just a few years later when the Hall of Famer was diagnosed with two major risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure and high cholesterol. That news, coupled with a family history of heart disease -- which claime...
Jello Shots While Underage, Bigger Booze Problems Later? FRIDAY, April 29, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Many underage Americans down jello shots, and these young drinkers are more likely to binge drink, drink heavily and get into alcohol-fueled fights, researchers say. The Boston University researchers surveyed more than 1,000 alcohol users, aged 13 to 20, and found that just over 20 percent had consumed jello shots in the past 30 days. Rates were slightly higher among females than males, and higher among t...
Jury Still Out on Silicone Breast Implant Safety MONDAY, Nov. 9, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- After years of study, a new analysis finds there is still insufficient evidence on whether silicone breast implants are linked to any long-term health effects. The report, published online Nov. 9 in the Annals of Internal Medicine , is the latest round in the long debate over silicone breast implant safety. The implants came to the U.S. market in the 1960s. But in 1992, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration called ...
Just One Energy Drink Sends Young Adults' Stress Hormone Levels Soaring SUNDAY, Nov. 8, 2015 (HealthDay News)-- Just one energy drink can cause potentially harmful spikes in both stress hormone levels and blood pressure in young, healthy adults, a new study shows. After drinking a 16-ounce can of "Rockstar Punched," young adults had a 74 percent increase in blood levels of the "fight-or-flight" hormone norepinephrine, said lead researcher Dr. Anna Svatikova, a cardiologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rocheste...
Junk Food Not to Blame for America's Obesity Epidemic: Study THURSDAY, Nov. 5, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Despite their bad reputation, junk food, fast food and soda aren't the root cause of America's obesity epidemic, Cornell University researchers contend. While these sugary and salt-laden foods may not be good for your health, the scientists found no significant difference in how much of these foods either overweight or normal weight people consumed. The real problem, according to the researchers: too ...
Job Stress Tied to Stroke Risk, Study Suggests WEDNESDAY, Oct. 14, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Having a high-stress job, particularly one that is demanding but offers little personal control, may raise the risk for a stroke, Chinese researchers report. An analysis of six previously published studies from several countries included nearly 140,000 people who were followed for up to 17 years. It found those with high-stress jobs had a 22 percent higher risk of stroke than those with low-stress jobs. Among wom...
Job Safety Critical for Teens The main threats to teens are often said to involve drugs, alcohol, or car crashes. But there’s another risk most parents might not think of: work. Labor laws limit the kinds of jobs that kids younger than 18 can hold and the hours they can work. Still, tens of thousands of teens are badly hurt at work each year, says the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Variety of injuries Injuries range from cuts and burns to sprains and broken bones. Hazards run the...
Jardiance Approved for Type 2 Diabetes FRIDAY, Aug. 1, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Jardiance (empagliflozin) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat type 2 diabetes, which accounts for some 90 percent of diabetes cases in the United States, the agency said Friday in a news release. Affecting some 26 million people in the United States, the disease can lead to complications including heart disease, blindness and nerve and kidney damage, the FDA said. Jardiance, from a class of dr...
J&J Pulls Hysterectomy Tool Tied to Cancer Risk From Market THURSDAY, July 31, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- The largest maker of a surgical tool that has shown an increased risk of spreading undetected cancers in women has said it will withdraw its device from the market. In a letter that was to be sent to all of its customers Thursday, Johnson & Johnson asked that its laparoscopic power morcellators be returned to the company, the Wall Street Journal reported. Sales of new morcellators had been sus...
Jakafi A drug used to treat certain types of myelofibrosis. It is also being studied in the treatment of other blood diseases and some types of cancer. Jakafi blocks a protein called JAK, which may help keep abnormal blood cells or cancer cells from growing. It is a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Also called ruxolitinib phosphate.
jejunostomy Surgery to create an opening into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) from the outside of the body. A jejunostomy allows a feeding tube to be put into the small intestine.
Jevtana A drug used with prednisone to treat hormone-resistant prostate cancer that has spread and that had been treated with docetaxel. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer. Jevtana blocks cell growth by stopping cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimitotic agent. Also called cabazitaxel and taxoid XRP6258.
J-pouch colorectal anastomosis A surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the remainder of the rectum after most of it has been removed during surgery for rectal cancer. A 2-inch to 4-inch section of the colon is formed into a J-shaped pouch to store stool until it can be eliminated.
JEB regimen An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat childhood ovarian and testicular germ cell cancers that have spread. It includes the drugs carboplatin (JM8), etoposide phosphate, and bleomycin sulfate. Also called JEB.
JEB An abbreviation for a chemotherapy combination used to treat childhood ovarian and testicular germ cell cancers that have spread. It includes the drugs carboplatin (JM8), etoposide phosphate, and bleomycin sulfate. Also called JEB regimen.
juvenile rickets A condition in children in which bones become soft and deformed because they don’t have enough calcium and phosphorus. It is caused by not having enough vitamin D in the diet or by not getting enough sunlight. In adults, this condition is called osteomalacia. Also called infantile rickets, rachitis, and rickets.
juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma A slow-growing type of central nervous system tumor that forms from glial (supportive) tissue of the brain and spinal cord. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma usually occurs in children and young adults. It forms in the brain more often than the spinal cord.
Jamshidi needle A long, hollow needle with a tapered cutting edge on one end and a handle with a place to attach a syringe on the other end. It is used to remove a sample of tissue from the bone marrow. The needle is inserted through the bone into the bone marrow and the syringe is attached to the top to remove the sample or to deliver drugs or fluid into the bone.
Javlor A substance being studied in the treatment of bladder cancer, lung cancer, and other types of cancer. Also called vinflunine.
jiang huang An East Indian plant that is a member of the ginger family and is used as a spice and food color. The underground stems are used in some cultures to treat certain stomach problems. The substance in jiang huang that gives it a yellow color (curcumin) is being studied in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer disease, cystic fibrosis, and psoriasis. The scientific name is Curcuma longa. Also called Indian saffron and turmeric.
johimbe A tree native to West Africa. The bark is used as a supplement for bodybuilding and to enhance male sexual performance. It contains the chemical yohimbine, which is being studied in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. It may interact with certain drugs used to treat depression, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. The scientific name is Pausinystalia yohimbe. Also called yohimbe.
joint In medicine, the place where two or more bones are connected. Examples include the shoulder, elbow, knee, and jaw.
Jim’s Juice A liquid that has been promoted as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. The ingredients thought to be in Jim’s Juice have been tested, and none of them have been shown to be effective in treating any form of cancer. Jim’s Juice is not available in the United States. Also called 126–F, Cancell, Cantron, JS–101, JS–114, Protocel, and Sheridan’s Formula.
JS–101 A liquid that has been promoted as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. The ingredients thought to be in JS–101 have been tested, and none of them have been shown to be effective in treating any form of cancer. JS–101 is not available in the United States. Also called 126–F, Cancell, Cantron, Jim’s Juice, JS–114, Protocel, and Sheridan’s Formula.
JS–114 A liquid that has been promoted as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. The ingredients thought to be in JS–114 have been tested, and none of them have been shown to be effective in treating any form of cancer. JS–114 is not available in the United States. Also called 126–F, Cancell, Cantron, Jim’s Juice, JS–101, Protocel, and Sheridan’s Formula.
JMML A rare form of childhood leukemia in which cancer cells often spread into tissues such as the skin, lung, and intestines. Also called juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.
JM 216 A substance being studied in the treatment of prostate and other types of cancer. It contains the metal platinum and may kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA and stopping them from dividing. It is a type of alkylating agent. Also called BMS-182751 and satraplatin.
J-pouch coloanal anastomosis A surgical procedure in which the colon is attached to the anus after the rectum has been removed. A 2-4 inch section of the colon is formed into a J-shaped pouch in order to replace the function of the rectum and store stool until it can be eliminated. This procedure is similar to the side-to-end coloanal anastomosis but a larger pouch is formed.
Jewett staging system A staging system for prostate cancer that uses ABCD. “A” and “B” refer to cancer that is confined to the prostate. “C” refers to cancer that has grown out of the prostate but has not spread to lymph nodes or other places in the body. “D” refers to cancer that has spread to lymph nodes or to other places in the body. Also called ABCD rating and Whitmore-Jewett staging system.
jaundice A condition in which the skin and the whites of the eyes become yellow, urine darkens, and the color of stool becomes lighter than normal. Jaundice occurs when the liver is not working properly or when a bile duct is blocked.
J-107088 A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It is a type of topoisomerase I inhibitor. Also called edotecarin.
juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia A rare form of childhood leukemia in which cancer cells often spread into tissues such as the skin, lung, and intestines. Also called JMML.
junctional nevus A type of nevus (mole) found at the junction (border) between the epidermis (outer) and the dermis (inner) layers of the skin. These moles may be colored and slightly raised.
Jasmine a Restful Scent Showering with jasmine-scented soap before bedtime or sleeping in a jasmine-scented room helped people sleep more soundly, say researchers at Wheeling Jesuit University in West Virginia. They tossed and turned less, felt more refreshed the next morning and were more alert throughout the day than people who slept in lavender-scented or fragrance-free rooms.
Joint Aspiration Podcast Detailed information on joint aspiration, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomical illustration of the anatomy of the knee. Play Audio
Jaundiced Newborn Return to Index Does this describe your child's symptoms? Definition The skin and whites of the eyes have turned yellow Types of Jaundice Physiological jaundice (50% of newborns) Onset 2 to 3 days of age Peaks day 4 to 5, then improves Disappears 1 to 2 weeks of age Breastfeeding or Malnutrition jaundice ( 5 to 10% of newborns) Due to inadequate intake of breastmilk Pattern similar to physiological type Also, causes poor weight gain Breastmilk jaundice (1% of newborns) Due to substance...
Jock Itch Return to Index Does this describe your symptoms? Definition Slowly expanding pink-red rash on inner thigh near genital area Rash is usually symmetrical (looks the same on both inner thighs) Rash is itchy and not painful In men it does not involve penis or scrotum In women it does not involve vulva General Information Jock Itch is a fungal infection that grows best on the warm, damp skin of the inner thigh. The medical term for this condition is "Tinea Cruris." It is usually caused by the same...
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