Health Library
Older Runners Can Maintain Their 'Fuel Efficiency' THURSDAY, June 9, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Runners over age 65 could burn oxygen at nearly the same rate as much younger runners, a new study finds. The rate of oxygen consumption is what researchers call "running economy." They found that even though the gait of older runners may change, they still maintain youthful energy levels, or good running economy, while exercising. "There's good evidence that it's never too late to get into exercise, it's about...
Obesity Rates Rising Among Women: CDC TUESDAY, June 7, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- More American women than ever are obese, while the number of men carrying around far too many pounds has held steady, new research shows. And a second study finds U.S. teens are another group that continues to struggle with obesity. "Obesity remains a public health concern," said Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. She worked on both...
Overweight Kids Eat Only a Bit More Per Meal FRIDAY, June 3, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- An extra spoonful or two with each meal may lead to an overweight infant or toddler, a new study suggests. British researchers found that overweight infants and toddlers don't eat more often than their normal-weight peers, but they do consume just a little bit more food at each meal. The overweight youngsters had about 141 calories at each meal. The normal-weight babies and toddlers had about 130 calories at each meal,...
Ocaliva Approved for Rare Liver Disease TUESDAY, May 31, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Ocaliva (obeticholic acid) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat a rare chronic liver disease called primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The disease causes the liver's small bile ducts to become inflamed, ultimately destroying the ducts and leading to cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver. Over time, this leads to a potentially deadly loss of liver function, the agency said Tuesday in a new...
Oxalate (Urine) Does this test have other names? No. What is this test? This is a urine test to see whether you have a high level of the chemical oxalate in your urine. Oxalate is a natural end product of metabolism in the body. It should leave your body through your urine. If your oxalate levels are too high, the extra oxalate can combine with calcium to form kidney stones. These stones are hard masses of chemicals that can get stuck in the urinary tract. They commonly cause severe pain. Calcium-oxalat...
Ova and Parasites (Stool) Does this test have other names? Stool sample examination, stool O&P, fecal smear What is this test? This test looks for parasites and their larvae or eggs in a sample of your stool. Parasites are organisms that can live within or on the human body and use it as a source of food. Many live in the digestive tract. Many parasites also cause illnesses. These include one-celled organisms, such as Giardia, and larger organisms such as pinworms. In their adult form, pinworms can ...
Osmolality (Urine) Does this test have other names? Osmotic gap, osmolal gap test What is this test? This test measures the concentration (osmolality) of particles in your urine. It finds out whether your electrolyte balance is normal and whether your kidneys are working as they should. Why do I need this test? You may have this test if your healthcare provider needs to look at the concentration of your urine, as well as at your fluid and electrolyte balance. This may be necessary if your provider suspe...
Osmolality (Stool) Does this test have other names? Stool osmolality What is this test? This test measures the concentration (osmolality) of certain particles in a sample of your watery stool. The amount of sodium, potassium, and other substances in your stool can affect its consistency. The test is used to find out why your stool isn't solid. Short-term (acute) diarrhea often clears up on its own within a few days. But it's considered long-term (chronic) diarrhea when the loose, watery bowel movements ...
Osmolality (Blood) Does this test have other names? Serum osmolality, osmolality serum What is this test? This test measures the concentration of dissolved particles (osmolality) in your blood. This test can help diagnose a fluid or electrolyte imbalance, including dehydration. Electrolytes are mineral salts that help move nutrients into your cells and waste products out of your cells. Electrolytes also control your acidity and pH levels. The more dilute your blood and urine are, the lower the concentra...
Obesity in Children: How Parents Can Help Childhood obesity in the U.S. is growing at an alarming rate. According to the CDC, since 1980, the obesity rate among U.S. children and adolescents has tripled. In fact, the most recent CDC statistics indicate that approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents between ages 2 and 19 are obese. Most children become obese because of a combination of poor diet, lack of physical activity, and other lifestyle issues. In rare cases, however, a child'...
Oligodendroglioma in Children What is an oligodendroglioma? The brain is part of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS also includes the spinal cord. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue. An oligodendroglioma is a type of CNS tumor called a glioma. These are tumors of the glial cells, the supporting cells of the brain. There are several types of glioma, depending on the type of cells involved and the location in the brain. Oligodendroglioma is a rare tumor that starts in the oligodendrocytes. The...
Olfactory Neuroblastoma When a cancer starts specifically in the nerves that affect your sense of smell, it is known as olfactory neuroblastoma. (Esthesioneuroblastoma is another name for this type of cancer.) An olfactory neuroblastoma often happens on the roof of the nasal cavity. It involves the cribriform plate, which is a bone between the eyes and located deep in the skull. Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare form of cancer. Symptoms A number of symptoms and warning signs can indicate olfactory neuro...
Optic Neuritis What is optic neuritis? Optic neuritis is a condition that affects the eye and your vision, and occurs when the optic nerve is inflamed. The optic nerve sends messages from your eyes to your brain so that you can interpret visual images. When the optic nerve is irritated and inflamed, it doesn't carry messages to the brain as well, and you can't see clearly. Optic neuritis can affect your vision and cause pain. When the nerve fibers become inflamed, the optic nerve can also start to swell...
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia What is oral hairy leukoplakia? Oral hairy leukoplakia is a condition triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It causes white patches on your tongue. Sometimes the patches happen in other parts of your mouth. The patches may look hairy. This is where the name comes from. Oral hairy leukoplakia occurs most often in people with weak immune systems. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) often causes this condition. What causes oral hairy leukoplakia? Oral hairy leukoplakia is caused ...
OTC Pain Medications and Their Risks Drugstore shelves have so many choices of over-the-counter (OTC) pain medication that it can seem difficult to find one that you like. But OTC pain relievers can be divided into just 2 main types: acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is available as a generic medicine and by the brand name Tylenol. You'll find a few different NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and ketoprofen. Some medicines, such as Excedrin Extra ...
Outpatient Rehabilitation When you're recovering from an illness, surgery, or injury, you may need outpatient rehabilitation. This means you'll receive one or more types of therapy after you've been discharged from a hospital or clinic. You may go to an outpatient rehabilitation facility. Or, in some cases, treatment may take place in your home. The goal of this rehab is to help you heal and get back to your everyday activities. Outpatient rehab after an accident or injury As part of your recovery, you ...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride Oral solution What is this medicine? OXYCODONE (ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Use a specially marked spoon or dropper to measure your dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Do not use a household spoon. If you are allergic to latex or rubber, do not use the dropper that comes with the product. If the medicine upsets your stomach, take it with food or milk. You...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride Oral tablet, extended-release What is this medicine? OXYCODONE (ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat constant pain that lasts for more than a few days. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Do not cut, crush or chew this medicine. Swallow only one tablet at a time. Do not wet, soak, or lick the tablet before you take it. You can take it with or without food. If it ...
Omeprazole Magnesium Oral suspension What is this medicine? OMEPRAZOLE (oh ME pray zol) prevents the production of acid in the stomach. It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, certain bacteria in the stomach, inflammation of the esophagus, and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions that cause too much stomach acid. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with water. Empty the contents of 1 packet into a container of water. Th...
Oxybutynin Topical gel What is this medicine? OXYBUTYNIN (ox i BYOO ti nin) is used to treat overactive bladder. This medicine reduces the amount of bathroom visits. It may also help to control wetting accidents. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for use on the skin. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after applying. Apply to clean, dry, unbroken skin on the abdomen, upper arms, shoulders, or thighs. Rub gel gently into the skin...
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? OXYMORPHINE (ox i MOR feen) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Do not break, crush, or chew this medicine. Do not take broken tablets. Taking broken, chewed, crushed or dissolved tablets can be very dangerous. You may get too much medicine, too fast. Take this medicine on an empty sto...
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Oral tablet, extended-release What is this medicine? OXYMORPHINE (ox i MOR feen) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain that lasts for more than a few days. It is used by people who have been taking an opioid or narcotic pain medicine. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Swallow only one tablet at a time. Do not wet, soak, or lick the tablet before you t...
Omeprazole, Sodium Bicarbonate Oral capsule What is this medicine? OMEPRAZOLE; SODIUM BICARBONATE (oh ME pray zol; SOE dee um bye KAR bon ate) prevents the production of acid in the stomach. It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and inflammation of the esophagus. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Do not take with other drinks or foods. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Do not cut, crush or chew the capsules. Ta...
Omeprazole, Sodium Bicarbonate Oral suspension What is this medicine? OMEPRAZOLE; SODIUM BICARBONATE (oh ME pray zol; SOE dee um bye KAR bon ate) prevents the production of acid in the stomach. It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and inflammation of the esophagus. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Place the contents of the packet into a small glass containing 1 to 2 tablespoons of water before use...
Oxybutynin Chloride Oral tablet, extended-release What is this medicine? OXYBUTYNIN (ox i BYOO ti nin) is used to treat overactive bladder. This medicine reduces the amount of bathroom visits. It may also help to control wetting accidents. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Swallow whole, do not crush, cut, or chew. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take this medicine with or without food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not...
Ondansetron Oral disintegrating tablet What is this medicine? ONDANSETRON (on DAN se tron) is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is also used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. How should I use this medicine? These tablets are made to dissolve in the mouth. Do not try to push the tablet through the foil backing. With dry hands, peel away the foil backing and gently remove the tablet. Place the tablet in the mouth and allow it to dissolve, then swallow. While...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride, Acetaminophen Oral capsule What is this medicine? ACETAMINOPHEN; OXYCODONE (a set a MEE noe fen; ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. If the medicine upsets your stomach, take it with food or milk. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride, Ibuprofen Oral tablet What is this medicine? IBUPROFEN; OXYCODONE (eye BYOO proe fen; ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain for 7 days or less. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take it with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, take it with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often...
Olanzapine, Fluoxetine Hydrochloride Oral capsule What is this medicine? FLUOXETINE; OLANZAPINE (floo OX e teen; oh LAN za peen) is used to treat episodes of depression that have not been relieved by the use of other medicines and depression caused by bipolar disorder. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take this medicine with or without food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your me...
Oxybutynin Transdermal patch - biweekly What is this medicine? OXYBUTYNIN (ox i BYOO ti nin) is used to treat overactive bladder. This medicine reduces the amount of bathroom visits. It may also help to control wetting accidents. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for use on the skin. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Find an area of skin on your abdomen, hip, or backside that is clean, dry, greaseless, undamaged and hairless. Remove the patch from the sealed pouch. Do not c...
Oxybutynin Chloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? OXYBUTYNIN (ox i BYOO ti nin) is used to treat overactive bladder. This medicine reduces the amount of bathroom visits. It may also help to control wetting accidents. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take this medicine with or without food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride, Acetaminophen Oral solution What is this medicine? ACETAMINOPHEN; OXYCODONE (a set a MEE noe fen; ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Use a specially marked spoon or dropper to measure your dose. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Do not use a household spoon. Follow the directions on the prescription label. If the medicine upsets your stom...
Oxycodone Hydrochloride, Acetaminophen Oral tablet What is this medicine? ACETAMINOPHEN; OXYCODONE (a set a MEE noe fen; ox i KOE done) is a pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take it with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, take it with food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take it more often than directed. Talk...
Ofloxacin Oral tablet What is this medicine? OFLOXACIN (oh FLOKS a sin) is a quinolone antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take with or without food. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Take all of your medicine as directed ...
Oxacillin Sodium Solution for injection What is this medicine? OXACILLIN (ox a SILL in) is a penicillin antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle or into a vein, or for infusion into a vein. It is usually given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. If you get this medicine at home, you will be taught how to prepare ...
Olanzapine Solution for injection What is this medicine? OLANZAPINE (oh LAN za peen) is used to treat schizophrenia, psychotic disorders,and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle by a health care professional. It will be given at regular intervals as needed. Do not stop taking except on the advice of your doctor or health care professional. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medi...
Olanzapine Oral disintegrating tablet What is this medicine? OLANZAPINE (oh LAN za peen) is used to treat schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Leave the tablet in the foil package until you are ready to take it. Do not push the tablet through the blister pack. Peel open the package with dry hands and place the tablet on you...
Olanzapine Oral tablet What is this medicine? OLANZAPINE (oh LAN za peen) is used to treat schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Swallow it with a drink of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Take your medicine at regular intervals. Do not take it more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on the advice of your doctor or health care professiona...
Olopatadine Hydrochloride Eye drops, solution What is this medicine? OLOPATADINE (oh loe pa TA deen) drops are used in the eye to treat symptoms caused by allergies. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is only for use in the eye. Do not take by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Wash hands before and after use. Tilt the head back slightly and pull down the lower lid with the index finger to form a pouch. Try not to touch the tip of the dropper to your eye, fingertips, or a...
Oxcarbazepine Oral suspension What is this medicine? OXCARBAZEPINE (ox car BAZ e peen) is used to treat people with epilepsy. It helps prevent partial seizures. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Shake the bottle well before each use. The suspension comes with a special oral syringe that will allow you to carefully measure the dose needed. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoons are not accurate. The dose may...
Oxcarbazepine Oral tablet What is this medicine? OXCARBAZEPINE (ox car BAZ e peen) is used to treat people with epilepsy. It helps prevent partial seizures. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. This medicine may be taken with or without food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on the advice of your doctor or health care profession...
OnabotulinumtoxinA Solution for injection What is this medicine? ONABOTULINUMTOXINA (o na BOTT you lye num tox in eh) is a neuro-muscular blocker. This medicine is used to treat crossed eyes, eyelid spasms, severe neck muscle spasms, ankle and toe muscle spasms, and elbow, wrist, and finger muscle spasms. It is also used to treat excessive underarm sweating, to prevent chronic migraine headaches, and to treat loss of bladder control due to neurologic conditions such as multiple sclerosis or spinal cord ...
Omeprazole Oral capsule, gastro-resistant sprinkles What is this medicine? OMEPRAZOLE (oh ME pray zol) prevents the production of acid in the stomach. It is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, certain bacteria in the stomach, inflammation of the esophagus, and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions that cause too much stomach acid. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the presc...
Ondansetron Hydrochloride Oral solution What is this medicine? ONDANSETRON (on DAN se tron) is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is also used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is taken by mouth. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Use a specially marked spoon or container to measure your medicine. Ask your pharmacist if you do not have one. Household spoons are not accurate. Take your doses at reg...
Ondansetron Hydrochloride Oral tablet What is this medicine? ONDANSETRON (on DAN se tron) is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It is also used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. How should I use this medicine? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in...
Overview of Adrenal Disorders The two adrenal glands are small and triangular, with one located atop of each kidney. For this reason, they have been called the suprarenal glands. Each adrenal gland has an outer region (called the adrenal cortex) and an inner region (called the adrenal medulla). The adrenal glands coordinate with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain to secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, blood chemistry, and many physical characteristics. Adrenal glands also secrete h...
Chronic Health Problems in Teens Chronic health problems during the teen years can often make physical and emotional development more complicated. Illness, injury, medical treatments, hospitalization, and surgeries related to chronic illness can cause a teen to worry even more about his or her physical appearance. They can also interfere with a teen's desire to be independent. Chronic illness also affects a teen's relationships with parents and friends. A teen with a chronic health issue may struggle to...
Overview of Kidney Disorders in Children How do the kidneys work? The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy. After the body has taken the food that it needs, waste products are left behind in the bowel and in the blood. The kidneys and urinary system keep chemicals, like potassium and sodium, and water in balance by removing a type of waste, called urea, from the blood. Urea is made when foods containing protein, like meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the bod...
Overview of Renal Failure in Children What is renal failure? Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys that results in loss of normal kidney function. There are 2 different types of renal failure — acute and chronic. Acute renal failure has a sudden onset and might be able to be reversed. Chronic renal failure progresses slowly over at least 3 months and can lead to permanent renal failure. The causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes of acute and chronic are different. Cond...
Overactive Let-Down Some mothers have such a strong let-down that the baby cannot handle the volume of milk. If your baby chokes, gags, or pushes off of the breast a minute or two after beginning to feed, an overactive let-down may be the cause. Most babies do learn to handle let-down as they mature, but until then you might take the baby off the breast until the milk flow slows. Try using only one breast each feeding. Some mothers find it helps to position the baby so that the back of the baby's throat...
Overuse Injuries An increasing number of boys and girls are playing recreational and organized sports. As a result, there is a rise in the number of overuse injuries seen among children and adolescents. Most sports and overuse injuries are due to minor trauma involving soft tissue injuries — injuries that affect the bone, muscles, ligaments, or tendons. What are the most common types of overuse injuries? Type of overuse injury Symptoms Possible cause Jumper's knee (patellar tendonitis) Tenderness right ...
Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma) in Children What is osteosarcoma? Osteosarcoma is cancer of the bone. The cancer (malignant) cells make immature bone cells (osteoid). Osteosarcoma is rare, but it is the most common type of bone cancer in children and teens. It is most common when teens have growth spurts. That is between the ages of 13 and 16. The cancer most often grows in the ends of long bones, especially the bottom of the thigh bone (femur) and the top of the larger shin bone (tibia). The top of t...
Overview of Nervous System Disorders in Children What is the nervous system? The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. It is made up of two major divisions: Central nervous system. This consists of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system. This consists of all other neural elements. In addition to the brain and spinal cord, principal organs of the nervous system include the following: Eyes Ears Sensory organs of taste Sensory organs...
Online Resources - Neurological Disorders This Web page was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your child's health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your child'...
Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Nervous System Disorders in Children What are some diagnostic tests for nervous system disorders? Evaluating and diagnosing nervous system problems can be complicated. Many of the same symptoms occur in different ways among the different disorders. And, many disorders do not have clear causes, markers, or tests. Neurological tests to evaluate children may include: Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan). This imaging procedure uses X-rays and computer tec...
Online Resources - Child and Adolescent Mental Health This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your child's health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your child's health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regard...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder What is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? ODD is a behavior disorder, usually diagnosed in childhood. It is characterized by uncooperative, defiant, negativistic, irritable, and annoying behaviors toward parents, peers, teachers, and other authority figures. Children and adolescents with ODD are more distressing or troubling to others than they are distressed or troubled themselves. What causes oppositional defiant disorder? The cause of ODD is not known. Yet there are t...
Overview of Pregnancy Loss What is pregnancy loss? Pregnancy loss is the death of an unborn baby (fetus) at any time during pregnancy. Pregnancy loss may occur in as many as 1 in every 4 pregnancies. Most pregnancy losses happen during the first trimester. This is often so early that the mother doesn’t even know she is pregnant. Pregnancy loss includes: Embryonic pregnancy. The egg is fertilized, but it never develops into an embryo. Miscarriage. This is pregnancy loss before 13 weeks of pregnancy. It i...
Overview of Birth Defects What is a birth defect? A "birth defect" is a health problem or physical change, which is present in a baby at the time he or she is born. Birth defects may be very mild, where the baby looks and acts like any other baby, or birth defects may be very severe, where you can immediately tell there is a health problem present. Some of the severe birth defects can be life-threatening, where a baby may only live a few months, or may die at a young age (in their teens, for example). B...
Otitis Media in Children What is otitis media? Otitis media is inflammation or infection in the middle ear. It’s very common in babies and children. There are several types of otitis media. They are: Acute otitis media. This is a sudden middle ear infection. It causes swelling, redness, pain, and fluid in the middle ear. Otitis media with effusion . Fluid (effusion) stays in the middle ear after the infection goes away. Your child may have a feeling of fullness in his or her ear. It may affect your chil...
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